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Economic Planning in India
1 — Type / Essence / Example?
Type: Centralised Planning; Essence: A single central authority frames a holistic, top-down plan for the entire nation.; Example: Soviet Gosplan; India's 1st–8th FYPs in their classical form.
2 — Type / Essence / Example?
Type: Decentralised Planning; Essence: Sub-national units (states, districts, panchayats) frame their own plans, aggregated upwards.; Example: 73rd & 74th Constitutional Amendments — village/district planning.
3 — Type / Essence / Example?
Type: Regional Planning; Essence: Plan defined by a geographic area covering several cities / a river basin. The USA was the first country to begin regional planning, in 1916.; Example: Damodar Valley, TVA model.
4 — Type / Essence / Example?
Type: National Planning; Essence: Plan covering the whole country, with the centre driving resource allocation. The USSR began the model with its first Five-Year Plan 1928–33.; Example: India's Five-Year Plans 1951 onwards.
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