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Workers Participation in Management (WPM)
What is Workers' Participation in Management (WPM)?
Arrangements involving workers in enterprise decision-making initiation, formulation, and implementation processes.
When did India's state-sponsored WPM initiative begin?
1957–58, when Indian Labour Conference accepted recommendation to set up Joint Management Councils.
Which Act made Works Committees compulsory in industrial units?
Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, for units employing 100 or more workmen.
How does Keith Davis define participation?
Mental and emotional involvement in group situation encouraging contribution to group goals and shared responsibility.
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