📝 One-liners · 60 cards
Digital Payment Systems and NPCI
ECS (Debit/Credit) — Operator / Regulator / Used For?
Operator: Banks via RBI; Regulator: RBI; Used For: Bulk debit/credit (now largely migrated to NACH)
RTGS — Operator / Regulator / Used For?
Operator: RBI; Regulator: RBI; Used For: High-value real-time, ≥ ₹2 lakh, 24×7 since Dec 2020
NEFT — Operator / Regulator / Used For?
Operator: RBI; Regulator: RBI; Used For: Any value retail, 24×7 since Dec 2019
CTS — Operator / Regulator / Used For?
Operator: NPCI (regional grids); Regulator: RBI; Used For: Cheque image-based clearing, pan-India one-grid since Sep 2021
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