SOURCES OF FINANCE AND FINANCIAL STRATEGIES
Chapter notes, video classes, MCQ practice tests and quick-revision one-liners for Advanced Business and Financial Management — CAIIB.
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What is the primary distinction between equity and debt as sources of finance?
Equity represents ownership capital with no fixed repayment obligation and carries residual claim on assets, while debt is borrowed capital with fixed interest obligations and priority claim over equity in liquidation.
What is an Initial Public Offering (IPO) and what does it achieve for a company?
First public sale of shares to raise equity capital
What does the concept of 'optimal capital structure' seek to achieve?
Optimal capital structure seeks to minimise the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) and maximise the firm's market value by identifying the ideal mix of debt and equity financing.
What is 'retained earnings' and why is it considered a source of finance?
Accumulated profits reinvested in the business for growth
What is a debenture in the context of corporate finance?
A debenture is a long-term debt instrument issued by a company, acknowledging a fixed rate of interest obligation and repayment of principal at maturity, without necessarily being secured by specific assets.
What is a 'bonus issue' of shares and how does it differ from a rights issue?
Free shares issued to existing shareholders from reserves
What is the difference between convertible and non-convertible debentures?
Convertible debentures can be converted into equity shares after a specified period at a predetermined ratio, whereas non-convertible debentures remain as debt throughout their tenure and are redeemed at maturity.
What is 'subordinated debt' in corporate financing and why does it carry higher risk?
Junior debt repaid after senior creditors in liquidation
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